KOINE - Lawful

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The Meaning of “Lawful” in 1 Corinthians 10:23.

In 1 Corinthians 10:23 (ESV) Paul writes, “All things are lawful,” but not all things are helpful. “All things are lawful,” but not all things build up. The NIV renders "lawful" as "beneficial", or "constructive".

The key word translated here as “lawful” comes from the Greek word ἔξεστιν (exestin). At its root, it literally means “it is permitted,” “it is allowed,” or “it is within one’s power.” In other words, Paul acknowledges that many actions are technically lawful—there is no strict rule or command against them. But the question isn’t simply, “Am I allowed to do this?” The deeper question is, “Does this build up? Does this edify?”

Paul’s point is crystal clear: just because something is lawful doesn’t mean it’s spiritually beneficial. Christian freedom isn’t a license to do as we please—it’s the freedom to live for Christ, guided by love, wisdom, and responsibility toward others.

So, ἔξεστιν reminds us that the boundaries of Christian life are not merely about avoiding sin, but about seeking what strengthens faith, nurtures others, and glorifies God. True freedom in Christ asks: Not just “Can I?” but “Should I—and will it bless?”


Article written by Shaun Fereday, Prison Chaplain (Sessional) and Leader @SFGH Church 

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